东北春玉米子粒生理成熟期含水率差异分析

2017~2018年在内蒙古开鲁、辽宁铁岭试点，对8个共用品种生理成熟期子粒含水率进行观测，分析受子粒脱水成熟阶段（生理成熟前的15 d）积温变化的影响。结果表明，同一品种在不同地点、不同年份生理成熟期子粒含水率存在显著差异，其中，8个品种在不同地点间的差异平均达到2.31个百分点（变幅0.8~4.3），在不同年份间的差异平均达到2.91个百分点（变幅0.7~5.4），环境因素对子粒达到生理成熟的日期和含水率有显著影响，且环境和品种之间具有显著的互作效应。不同熟期玉米品种生理成熟期子粒含水率与生育期无显著相关，生育期（x）越长的品种，生理成熟期子粒含水率在不同地点、不同年份之间的差值（y）越大，两者符合y=0.161 9x-21.454，R2=0.736**（n=16）。子粒脱水成熟阶段积温对该阶段的脱水速率及生理成熟期子粒含水率具有显著影响，温度低、脱水慢的地区和年份玉米生理成熟期子粒含水率偏高，晚熟品种受影响程度明显大于早熟品种。     

Standing Laparoscopic Peritoneal Flap Hernioplasty of the Vaginal Rings does not Modify the Sperm Production and Motility Characteristics in Intact Male Horses

Laparoscopic hernioplasty techniques have been developed in the recent years to avoid the recurrence of inguinal hernias and to spare the testicles for breeding purposes in stallions. However, there have been no previous comprehensive and systematic studies of the reproductive outcomes and prognoses for stallions after inguinal hernioplasty. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the possible effects of one of these techniques (standing laparoscopic peritoneal flap hernioplasty) on the sperm production and motility characteristics of six healthy stallions that received this procedure based on 1‐year follow‐ups. There were no significant differences in the measured sperm variables (assessments based on the DSO, MOT, PMOT, VSL, VCL and VAP) during 1‐year follow‐ups.     

On the Quantum Nature of the Shared Proton in Hydrogen Bonds

The relative influence of thermal and quantum fluctuations on the proton transfer properties of the charged water complexes H5O2+ and H3O2- was investigated with the use of ab initio techniques. These small systems can be considered as prototypical representatives of strong and intermediate-strength hydrogen bonds. The shared proton in the strongly hydrogen bonded H5O2+ behaved in an essentially classical manner, whereas in the H3O2- low-barrier hydrogen bond, quantum zero-point motion played a crucial role even at room temperature. This behavior can be traced back to a small difference in the oxygen-oxygen separation and hence to the strength of the hydrogen bond.     

西藏巴松错（湖）夏季浮游植物优势种生态位及其种间联结性

为了解青藏高原高寒湖泊不同空间维度浮游植物群落优势种的生态位及种间联结性,本文选取青藏高原东南部最大的高寒冰山堰塞湖之一的巴松错为研究地点,于2020年7月对巴松错浮游植物进行了定性和定量采集,采集了水平和垂直维度浮游植物的水样275个,结合生态位宽度、生态位重叠值、生态响应速率、总体联结性、x2 检验、联结系数( AC) 、共同出现百分比( PC) 以及点相关系数(φ) 等方法,分析优势种的生态位及种间联结性。结果表明：1）共鉴定浮游植物优势种5属8种,均属于硅藻门;2）生态位宽度值差异较大,可分为三大生态位类群,且水平-垂直二维生态位宽度的变化幅度受水平维度生态位宽度影响比较明显;3）在水平维度上,生态位重叠度达到有意义的种对比例较高,具有明显的同质性;在垂直维度和水平-垂直维度上,生态位重叠度达到有意义的种对比例较低,具有明显的异质性;4）巴松错夏季浮游植物群落优势种生态响应速率在水平维度上形成正反馈,在垂直和水平-垂直维度维度上形成负反馈,表明巴松错夏季浮游植物群落存在群落多稳态,垂直和水平-垂直维度上群落较水平维度更稳定;5）巴松错夏季浮游植物群落总体处于演替的初期阶段且存在正向演替的趋势,物种间联结性不强,种间关系较为松散。本研究结果为进一步研究高寒湖泊优势种生态位和群落多稳态提供了基础资料。     

刈割后追肥对建植当年紫花苜蓿生长和生产性能的影响

施肥是苜蓿生产的重要管理措施之一,但苜蓿刈割后的追肥效应以及最佳追肥管理方案尚不明确。本研究旨在探讨追肥时间和不同氮、磷追施配比对苜蓿刈割后再生长的影响。以建植当年陇东苜蓿为试验材料,设置两个追肥时间（刈割当日和刈割后7 d,分别表示为T₀和T₁）、3个氮肥水平（0、25和50 kg·hm^-2 N,分别表示为N₀、N₂₅和N₅₀）和3个磷肥水平（0、30、60 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅,分别表示为P₀、P₃₀和P₆₀）,并设3个重复,共54个小区。研究发现：1）建植当年苜蓿刈割后追肥促进了后茬苜蓿的生长,其中刈割后立即施用少量磷肥（T₀N₀P₃₀）处理下株高最高,比对照（T₀N₀P₀）增加了20.53%。刈割后追肥提高了苜蓿的叶茎比,在T₁时进行高氮低磷配施（N₅₀P₀和N₅₀P₃₀）中最为明显。2）第2茬苜蓿产量在不同处理间差异显著（P<0.05）,其中刈割后立即高磷高氮追施（T₀N₅₀P₆₀）下干物质和粗蛋白产量最高,分别为3.58和0.94 t·hm^-2,与T₁处理下的结果有显著差异。刈割后追肥对苜蓿酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量和相对饲用价值均无显著影响（P>0.05）。3）氮磷肥配比追施对单位体积土壤中后茬苜蓿的根长、根表面积、根体积和根生物量影响显著（P<0.05）。最大根长密度（2.66 mm·cm^-3）和根表面积密度（7.75 mm²·cm^-3）出现在无肥（N₀P₀）、T₀N₂₅P₃₀处理中,根体积密度在T₁N₂₅P₃₀条件下最大。不同处理的根系生物量差异较大,但均高于不施肥处理（N₀P₀）。综上所述,在陇东黄土高原雨养农区,刈割后追施氮、磷肥促进了建植当年苜蓿的再生。在当地的生产实践中,建议在苜蓿刈割后立即追施少量磷肥（30 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅）或每公顷配合追施50 kg N和60 kg P₂O₅。     

Identification of Wheat Canopy Structure Using Hyperspectral Data

Some winter wheat varieties were selected in this experiment. The results were as follows： 1） Leaf orientation value （LOV） and leaf area index （LAI） of wheat had different contributions to canopy spectral reflectance （CSR）. For example, LOV affected greatly canopy spectra more than LAI did in jointing stage, but LAI had a greater effect on CSR than LOV did after the ground was near to be covered completely. 2） Twenty treatments including different varieties and densities were arranged in this experiment, and the result of cluster analysis showed that all these treatments can be parted into four clusters according to LAI and LOV： varieties with erect leaves and low LAI （denoted as A）, varieties with erect leaves and high LAI （denoted as B）, varieties with horizontal leaves and low LAI （denoted as C）, varieties with horizontal leaves and high LAI （denoted as D）. Their CSR had difference in 400-700 nm and 700-1 150 nm at jointing stage, especially in different plant types. 3） There was obvious distribution difference among different clusters in scatter plot （X=△R890, Y=R890）, △R890 was the reflectance increment from jointing to booting stage. It was seen from the Y-axis direction that R890 of horizontal varieties were higher than the erect ones, and seen from the X-axis direction that the greater △R890 was, the lower LAI one within the same plant type varieties, which indicted that the combination of plant-type and the population magnitude can be initially identified by this method.     

水肥一体化施磷对滴灌高产春玉米产量及肥料利用率的影响

磷肥的施用方式和施用量对提高作物的产量和磷肥利用效率有重要影响。研究常规一次性施肥和滴灌分次施肥以及不同磷肥用量对玉米生长及磷肥利用效率的影响,为进一步提高滴灌密植高产春玉米产量及肥料利用率提供理论依据。结果表明,在滴灌水肥一体化分次施磷模式下,磷肥用量在90 kg/hm²时玉米产量达到最大(16.66~17.29 t/hm²),比一次性基肥施入产量高8.3%~12.6%,经济效益平均提高11.0%;磷肥偏生产力和农学利用率比一次性基肥施入处理分别提高44.4%~50%和59.5%~73.65%。在滴灌水肥一体化条件下,在玉米开花前随水分次滴施水溶磷肥能有效提高玉米产量和磷肥利用率,同时能减少磷肥用量,提高经济效益。